A layout is a collection of map elements laid out and organized on a page. Common map elements include one or more data frames each containing an ordered set of map layer, a scalebar, north arrow. map title, descriptive text, and a legend. Layout view is where you add map surrounds, frames, graticules, and other finishing touches to a map. What you see on the layout is what you get if you print or export the map to the same page size.
creating a Map Layout
1. Create, edit, and symbolize your data symbolize your data as appropriate.
2. In layout view, click the insert menu to add elements onto your layout. If you have more than one data frame in your map, the elements you insert will relate to the active data frame. For example when you add a scale bar to the map, it will reflect the scale of the active data frame and update if you change the scale of that data frame. Once you've added an element to your map, you can right click it and click properties to set additional options.
3. Add other text or graphics, such as metadata notes, borders, and frames, using the Draw toolbar. You can use guides, grids, and rulers to help you precisely position elements on your page. The commands on the graphics toolbar or the drawing menu of the draw toolbar can help align, group and order the elements on the page. In addition, you can use the data frame properties dialog box to create other effect, such as inset maps, clip the shapes of data frames.
4. Edit and finish your map elements to complete your map. As a last step, you may need to convert some of your map elements to graphics so you can have complete control over their appearance and make manual edits to the elements. However, as a graphic, the element loses its connection to the data frame. For example, if you convert a a legend to a graphic then later add a layer to your map, the legend as a graphic will not reflect this update.
5. Print and publish your map. you can also save your layout, including the data in the map, as a template, and use it as a starting point for further mapping and analysis. Map templates make it easy to produce maps that conform to a standard and they save time by letting you do the layout work for all the maps in the series at once.
Data Frames
perhaps the most important part of a map is the geographic data. Geographic data is presented in the layout in a data frame. Simple maps usually have a single data frame, but some maps have multiple data frames.
The shape and orientation of the geographic feature you're depicting may influence the size and shape of the data frame on the map as well as the orientation of the map on page.
Aesthetic criteria, limitations of the media that you use to reproduce the map and the number and size of other elements that you add to the will affect your choice of page size and orientation.
Having more than one data frame in a map
How to add data frames
Add a new data frame to a map;
Making a data frame active;
Copying a data frame;
Resizing a data frame;
Printing and exporting from ArcMap
The ArcMap printing functionality includes the windows printer engine for typical map prints, as well as the ArcPress printer engine for printing large or complex maps to a large format printer.
The ArcMap map export functionality allows you to export a map to any of TEN formats. These include five raster formats: BMP, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, GIF and five vector formats: EMF, PDF, EPS, SVG and Adode illustrator.